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This enlarged the number of PCa patients diagnosed with a limited number of metastases, summarized as oligometastatic disease. Therefore, the implementation of modern hybrid imaging technologies into clinical routine increased the sensitivity to detect metastases at earlier stages.
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Biological characteristics of PCa metastasis impacting on metastatic sites, burden, and latency is of clinical relevance. This cross-talk leads to pre-metastatic niche formation that releases chemo-attractive factors enforcing the formation of distant metastasis. The metastatic cascade and organotropism of PCa cells are regulated by different cellular subtypes, organ microenvironment, and their interactions. Once PCa cells spread into distant organs, such as bone, the overall survival rate of patients drops dramatically. Radiotherapy and surgery are curative treatment options for localized prostate cancer (PCa) with a 5-year survival rate of nearly 100%.
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